The application of biotechnology to agriculture, beginning in the latter half of the 20th century, fundamentally altered food production processes. This period involved genetic engineering of crops to enhance yields, create pest resistance, and improve nutritional content. A prominent example is the development and widespread adoption of genetically modified (GM) corn and soybeans in regions like the United States and Brazil, leading to increased agricultural output.
This transformation significantly impacted global food security and agricultural economics. Increased crop yields contributed to lower food prices in some areas, while enhanced pest resistance reduced the need for pesticides, potentially benefiting the environment. Furthermore, this wave fostered the growth of multinational agricultural corporations and reshaped global trade patterns in agricultural products. However, it also raised concerns regarding biodiversity, the potential health effects of GM foods, and the socioeconomic impact on small-scale farmers in developing nations.