The introduction of non-native species, pathogens, or genetically modified organisms into an ecosystem, resulting in adverse effects on the environment and human health, constitutes a form of contamination. This type of contamination disrupts existing ecological balances, potentially leading to the extinction of native flora and fauna. For example, the introduction of the zebra mussel into the Great Lakes has significantly altered the food web and impacted native mussel populations.
Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and ecological integrity. The consequences can range from economic losses due to agricultural damage and increased healthcare costs to irreversible environmental degradation. Historically, the spread of invasive species has been facilitated by human activities such as international trade, travel, and habitat modification, underscoring the need for proactive prevention and management strategies.